20 tips for buying a used excavator

Are you in the market for used excavators? If so, it’s crucial to know what to look for to ensure you make a smart investment. Buying a used excavator can be a cost-effective way to get the machinery you need without breaking the bank. However, it comes with its own set of challenges. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll discuss essential tips and considerations to keep in mind when looking for a used excavator.

1. Research the excavator’s history

The first step in buying a used excavator is to thoroughly research its history. Look for signs of major repairs, such as welds on the boom or stick, which could indicate overloading or structural strain. Repeated hydraulic repairs, like cylinder replacements or hose leaks, might suggest persistent pressure issues. Undercarriage replacements, such as track chains or sprockets, could point to high wear from rough terrain.

Engine rebuilds or multiple electrical fixes may hint at deeper systemic problems. Analyzing these details provides insight into potential recurring issues and how the machine was used or misused.

2. Research different brands and models

Not all excavators are created equal. Different brands and models offer varying features, performance levels, and price points. Consider:

Performance and features: Compare the features and performance of different models to find one that suits your specific needs.
Price Comparisons: Look at excavator prices for similar models in the market to ensure you're getting a fair deal.

By understanding the market, you can make a more informed decision.

3. Inspect the service records

Ensure the excavator has been well maintained by checking its service records. Regular servicing is a good indicator of a machine that has been cared for properly.

Service intervals: Check how frequently the machine has been serviced.
Usage: Consider how often the machine was used. Machines used frequently are more likely to suffer from wear and tear.

4. Conduct a thorough inspection

When inspecting an excavator before buying, it’s easy to overlook certain details that can save you from costly repairs later. For instance, when checking fluid levels, don’t just ensure they’re topped up, look closely at the fluid color and consistency. Engine oil that’s unusually dark or smells burnt could signal poor maintenance. Similarly, hydraulic fluid should be clear, not milky or foamy, which might indicate water contamination or air in the system, respectively. A quick tip: wipe the dipstick on a clean cloth and check for metal particles, as these could suggest internal component wear.

5. Get a warranty if possible, and verify it

A warranty can provide peace of mind, especially for major components. If the seller or manufacturer offers a warranty, it can save you significant costs in case of future repairs. For machines with low hours, ensure the warranty is transferable and understand the terms and conditions.

6. Confirm machine hours

The hours of operation on the excavator can indicate its wear and tear. Ensure the machine hours match the condition of the excavator. Inconsistent hours can be a red flag.

7. Check for safety compliance

Ensure the excavator meets safety standards. Check for:

ROPS (Rollover Protection Structure): Verify the cab has the necessary ROPS certification.
Safety Features: Ensure all safety features like alarms, fire extinguishers, and lights are present and functional.

8. Inspect the undercarriage and tracks

The undercarriage accounts for a significant portion of maintenance costs. Inspect:

Track tension: Ensure the tracks are properly tensioned and free of damage.
Rollers and idlers: Check for wear and ensure they move freely.
Sprockets: Inspect for wear and ensure they have a good profile.
Tyres/wheels/brakes: For wheeled excavators, inspect the condition of the tyres, wheels, and brakes. Check for any signs of excessive wear, damage, or defects that could affect performance and safety.

9. Evaluate the hydraulic operation

Test the excavator’s hydraulic system under load to ensure it operates smoothly and efficiently. Any unusual vibrations or noises could indicate problems.

10. Check the final drive

The final drive is critical for the movement of the excavator. Ensure it:

Reacts quickly: The excavator should change direction smoothly.
Oil levels: Check for clean oil without contamination.

11. Inspect pin and bush wear

Check the wear levels on the front digging attachment. Excessive wear can indicate poor maintenance practices.

12. Assess attachments

Ensure all attachments are in good working order and compatible with the excavator. This includes checking the condition of digging buckets, rippers, and other tools.

13. Check cab accessories

Operator comfort is important. Inspect:

Air conditioning and heating: Ensure they work properly.
Radios and cameras: Check the functionality of any additional features.

14. Consider your needs and options

Make sure the excavator meets your specific needs in terms of size, power, and capabilities. If you're considering a mini excavator or a medium excavator, consult with experienced professionals if you’re unsure.

15. How to Assess Heavy Machine Fuel Efficiency?

Evaluating fuel efficiency involves more than just checking fuel burn rates, professionals look at operational metrics and machine behavior under real workloads.

Fuel Burn Rate: Measure fuel use per hour during standard operations.
Load Response: Ensure the machine maintains consistent fuel use under varying loads.
Hydraulic Efficiency: Check for smooth, responsive hydraulics to avoid unnecessary fuel drain.
Operator Skill: Efficient operation techniques can significantly reduce consumption.

Pro Tip: Measure "tons per gallon" rather than hours per gallon to gauge both efficiency and productivity.

16. Buying from Australia and the USA? Perform a PPSR check

For private purchases, perform a Personal Property Securities Register (PPSR) check to ensure the excavator isn’t encumbered or tied to any debts. Note that the PPSR is specific to Australia and New Zealand. For other regions, perform a general history check or lien search to ensure there are no outstanding financial obligations associated with the machine.

17. Factor in ongoing maintenance costs

Consider the future maintenance costs when purchasing. High hours or excessive wear can mean significant future expenses.

18. Beware of “Grey Imports”

Be cautious of grey imports, which may not be supported by local manufacturers and could have different specifications. Grey imports are machines imported from a different market region where specifications and regulations may not match those of the current market region. This can result in compatibility issues, difficulties in sourcing parts, and lack of local support.

19. Get a dealer inspection report

If you’re unsure, get a professional inspection from a dealer or a factory-trained technician. They can provide a detailed report and identify potential issues.

20. Test the excavator’s performance

Finally, perform a test run to ensure the excavator operates smoothly. Listen for any unusual sounds and check all functions.

Additional considerations

When purchasing a used excavator, consider the following additional factors to ensure you get the right machine for your needs:

Size

Mini excavators, medium excavators, or standard sizes each serve different project needs. Track or wheels

Tracked or wheeled

Decide between a tracked excavator or wheeled excavator based on your operating conditions:

Tracked excavators: Use thick, movable tracks, providing stability on steep inclines and slippery conditions. They are heavier and more stable but can be harder on sensitive terrain.
Wheeled excavators: Equipped with large tires, ideal for standard conditions. They are lighter and less likely to damage the terrain but may not perform as well in rough conditions.

Attachments

Consider the types of attachments you’ll need, such as augers, compactors, grapples, or jackhammers. Ensure the excavator is compatible with the attachments you plan to use.

Transportation and storage

Plan for how you will transport and store the excavator. Larger machines require more planning and resources for transport and storage, which can add to your overall costs.

Preventive maintenance and repairs

Routine maintenance is crucial to keep your excavator in good working condition. Be prepared to handle preventive maintenance and have a plan for addressing repairs promptly to avoid downtime.

Reputation of the supplier

Choose a reputable supplier with good customer reviews and reliable support throughout the buying process. A reputable supplier will provide comprehensive product information, including 360º images and videos, a full inspection report, and maintenance history. They should also offer assistance with registration, shipping, exportation, and any other logistical needs to ensure a smooth purchasing experience.

For a wide selection of used excavators for sale, check out our listings on makana.com where you can find excavators for sale of various sizes (mini - medium - large) to suit your project needs.

20 things to consider when buying used excavator